1. Lebendfotos
1.1. Falter
2. Diagnose
2.1. Erstbeschreibung
3. Biologie
3.1. Habitat
3.2. Nahrung der Raupe
Cock (2010: 43) unterzieht die Literaturangaben zur Raupe einer kritischen Analyse: "The reported food plants of P. thrax are all grasses, but almost all published records seem to be secondary sources, and I have failed to track down many original food plant records. For example, it has been reported several times as a pest of rice, yet Heinrichs & Barrion (2004) do not mention this species in their comprehensive review of rice pests in West Africa, although they do include P. mathias, which is well recognised as a minor pest of rice (e.g. IRRI 1983). The food plant records from the Arabian Peninsula are limited. Larsen & Larsen (1980) give “grasses, including rice, wheat and millet”, but this is probably based on sources from outside the region. Larsen’s (1984) illustration of a caterpillar on a millet leaf is misidentified (see discussion below). Dickson & Kroon (1978), presumably based on the notes of G.C. Clark from South Africa, give the food plant as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. (as I. arundinacea), and add that it was reared on Ehrharta erecta Lam. and other grasses. Pringle et al. (1994) in the revision of Dickson & Kroon (1978) imply that E. erecta is a food plant, but this is probably based on the rearing food plant record from the earlier edition. Larsen (1991) reports that the caterpillars feed on grasses (Ehrata, Oryza, Imperata) and it may be a minor pest of rice. Larsen (2005) expands this to a “wide array of Poaceae, including Oryza, Ehrhata and Imperata”. The possibility of confusion between the two Pelopidas spp. suggests that all records not based on reared voucher specimens are open to question. As far as I can tell, of those mentioned above, the only unequivocal field record of a food plant for P. thrax is G.C. Clark’s South African record on I. cylindrica. Clark (1978) provides excellent paintings of the life history on “grass” (Dickson & Kroon 1978, Plate 32)."
Cock (2010: 45) berichtet dann über seine eigenen Raupenfunde an Saccharum kajkaiense im Oman.
Wolfgang Wagner fasst seine eigenen Beobachtungen auf Rhodos zusammen: "Die Raupe lebt an breitblättrigen, robusten Gräsern. Auf Rhodos fand ich Eier, Raupen und Puppen an Arundo, Phragmites und Tripidium ravennae."
4. Weitere Informationen
4.1. Andere Kombinationen
- Gegenes thrax Hübner, [1821] [Originalkombination]
4.2. Synonyme
- Pelopidas midea Walker, 1870
4.3. Faunistik
Locus typicus ist Java (Indonesien). Die ausgesprochene Trockengebiets-Art erreicht unser Bearbeitungsgebiet von der Ostküste des Mittelmeers aus. Angaben gibt es hier von den der Türkei vorgelagerten Inseln Zypern, Samos, Rhodos, Kos, Kastellorizo und Kalymnos.
Langourov et al. (2022) melden unter der Überschrift "The invasion continues" den ersten Nachweis für die Sporaden-Inseln: "Greece, Alonnisos Island: [16] between Paralia Megalos Mourtias to Alonnisos, 39.1429911°N, 23.8473118°E, 10.ix.2022, 1 ♂."
(Autoren: Jürgen Hensle & Erwin Rennwald)
4.4. Literatur
- Erstbeschreibung: Hübner, J. [1819-1827]: Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge. Zweiter Band. [1]-[10], pl. [1]-[492]. Augsburg (Verlag der Hübner'schen Werke).
- Langourov, M., Simov, N. & S. Abadjiev (2022): The invasion continues: Hierodula tenuidentata (Mantodea), Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera) and Pelopidas thrax (Lepidoptera) already on the island of Alonnisos. — Historia naturalis bulgarica, 44 (11): 137–144. https://doi.org/10.48027/hnb.44.112. [PDF auf nmnhs.com/historia-naturalis-bulgarica]
- Zerganipour, A., Esfandiari, M. & M. M. Rabieh (2021): Geometric morphometric study of sexual dimorphism and its associated allometry in wings of Pelopidas thrax (Lep.: Hesperiidae). — Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 7 (4): 391-407. [PDF auf biotaxa.org]