1. Live pictures

1.1. Imago

1: Madagascar, Kirindy, dry forest, 21. January 2018, at light (phot.: Sebastian Holzki), det. Daniel BartschForum

2: Indonesien, Bali, Batubulan, 28. Februar 2011 (det. & fot.: Kersten Krause)

3: Südafrika, Limpopo, Vhembe, Tshipise, Forever Resort, 16. Januar 2011 (det. & fot.: Dr. Wolf-Achim Roland)

4-6: Namibia, Zambezi, Linyandi, Namushasha Lodge, Adjoining the Kwando River in Eastern Caprivi, 13. Januar 2012 (det. & fot.: Dr. Wolf-Achim Roland)

1.2. Caterpillar

1-2: Südafrika, Limpopo, Mopani, Phalaborwa, 2nd photo on Senegalia nigrescens, 26. November 2007 (det. & fot.: Hanna Roland)

3-4: Uganda, Ziba, 2. März 2023, Tagfund (fot.: Helge Weingart), det. Dominik HoferForum

2. Diagnosis

1-3: ♀, data see label (coll. & photos: Egbert Friedrich)

2.1. Original description

1: Linnaeus (1767: 840) [from copyright-free scan at www.biodiversitylibrary.org]

3. Further information

3.1. Other combinations

• Phalaena materna Linnaeus, 1767 [original combination]

3.2. Synonyms

• Noctua hybrida Fabricius, 1775 [synonym according to funet.fi]
• Ophideres chalcogramma Walker, 1865 [synonym according to funet.fi]

3.3. Faunistics

Linné described the species from the "Indiis". Borth & Kons (2022: 16) wrote: "The vast range of E. materna includes Africa, India, the Indoaustralian region up to the Central Pacific and the Philippines (Zilli et al. 2017)."

According to [Global Biodiversity Information Facility] the species is found in India, Australia, Costa Rica, South Africa, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Mexico, New Zealand, Botswana, Indonesia, Madagascar, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, New Caledonia, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, USA, Zambia, Namibia, Swaziland, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Brazil, Ghana, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Thailand, Angola, Argentina, Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ecuador, Fiji, Senegal, Suriname and Uganda.

(Authors: Michel Kettner & Erwin Rennwald)

3.4. Literature

• Borth, R.J. & H.L. Kons (2022): Mitochondrial genetics of Ophiderini, with a new species from the Eudocima phalonia species group (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Calpinae). — Zootaxa, 5148 (1): 1–151. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5148.1.1 [to the open access-paper with download as PDF at mapress.com]
• Original description: Linnaeus, C. (1767): Systema Naturae, Tom. I. Pars. II. Editio duodecima reformata. 533-1327 + unpaginierter Anhang. Holmiae (Salvius).

3.5. Information at other websites (external links)

• [BOLD]
• [Global Biodiversity Information Facility]
• [AfroMoths]
• [Australian Lepidoptera Butterflyhouse]