+5Kontinente:EUAS
1. Lebendfotos
1.1. Falter
1.1.1. Männchen
1.1.2. Weibchen
1.2. Raupe
1.3. Puppe
1.4. Fraßspuren
2. Diagnose
2.1. Männchen
2.2. Erstbeschreibung
3. Biologie
3.1. Habitat
3.2. Zuchtbericht
From the local lepidoptera-registrator Nils Rogn in Vang, Norway, did I receive a female of the rare moth Anarta colletti in the first week of June 2022. The female was kept in a tube with a dot saturated with some drops of honey-water (ca. 25 ml liquid honey to 100 ml water). The female did not show much activity, but did sip regularly from the dot. Then she was exposed to various herbs and plants collected from Sjodalen, a locality where I the week after I received the female specimen, collected a male, and where the species has been found four times over the last 40 years. It did not show any interest in the plants, and laid just five eggs prior to being exposed for Viola biflora. Exposed to this plant, the activity immediately "exploded" and it laid approx. 100-150 eggs within two hours. The next two days, it laid another ten eggs before it died.
The eggs hatched after five to seven days, and the caterpillars consummated their egg shells before starting wandering. Exposed to a variety of local plants from the Sjodalen locality, Viola biflora was immediately chosen. The young caterpillars ate willingly and reached their second and third stage without problems. Some of the larvae was also exposed to other species of Viola, i.e. Viola tricolor, which generally was accepted. One group was fed at V. biflora exclusively. The average duration of one instar was five to seven days and the caterpillars were mostly active at night. During the day they often rested on the stem of the host plant where the lateral stripe did provide a very good camouflage. From the third and fourth instar, many succumbed to illness, and most were more unwilling to eat. The caterpillars were kept separately to prevent contamination and different other plants were introduced, and some accepted Saussurea alpina as their new host plant. These managed to reach pupation, but no one hatched.
The pupation took place in the upper layer of the humus, in a relatively large finger-shaped cocoon wowen in with sand and humus.
The locality of Anarta colletti is not well known, but it has until 2023 been found in approx. 25 specimens in and around the South Norwegian mountains of Jotunheimen and Dovre since its discovery in 1871. The locality in Sjodalen (900 m.a.s.l), where the species has been found four times over the years, consists of dry steppe and light open fir forest. There are several humid, bog-like fields in the landscape as well, and Saussurea alpina and four species of Viola has been found to be common in the area. My personal theory is that the species has Viola sp., - at least Viola biflora as a first host plant and Saussurea alpina and maybe others as a second one. Due to the early flight period (end of May, beginning of June for the first regular sightings) is it likely that the species hibernates as pupa. Several specimens have also been caught in late July and beginning of August. This does however not suggest a second generation, due to the high elevation and harsh climate, rather that the species also lives at higher elevation.
The species is nearly always found during the warmest evenings in the flight season. The bright nights in June and July makes conventional light trapping difficult, but the male from June 10th 2021 in Sjodalen was caught in a LepiLed Trap during a warm (10 degrees Celsius) and overcast night.
(Author: Reidar Voith)
4. Weitere Informationen
4.1. Etymologie (Namenserklärung)
furca: lat. Gabel, wegen der Zeichnung.
4.2. Andere Kombinationen
- Dianthoecia colletti Sparre-Schneider, 1876 [Originalkombination]
- Hadula colletti (Sparre-Schneider, 1876)
- Calocestra colletti (Sparre-Schneider, 1876)
4.3. Synonyme
- Discestra furca sensu auct. europ. nec (Eversmann, 1852) [Nr. 09921 bei Karsholt & Razowski (1996)]
- Anarta furca sensu auct. europ. nec (Eversmann, 1852)
- Hadula furca sensu auct. europ. nec (Eversmann, 1852)
4.4. Unterarten
- Anarta colletti originalis Hacker, 1998
4.5. Taxonomie
Karsholt & Razowski (1996) führen "Discestra furca (Eversmann, 1852)" (Nr. 9921) aus Norwegen an. Nach der Revision der Gattungs-Gruppe durch Hacker (1998) fassen Hacker et al. (2002) die aktuelle Situation zusammen. Danach kommen von den 5 Arten, die einst unter "Discestra furca" vereinigt waren, 3 in Europa vor: Die beiden norwegischen Arten sind Anarta colletti und Anarta imperspicua.
4.6. Faunistik
Nach der [Fauna Europaea] kommt die Art in Norwegen und im Osten des europäischen Teils von Russland vor.
A. colletti galt früher als (u. a. skandinavische) Subspezies oder Form von Anarta furca (Eversmann, 1852) (= Hadula furca), von der nur das Typusexemplar (aus Irkutsk) sicher bekannt ist. Das hier in der Bestimmungshilfe abgebildete (und zunächst A. furca zugeordnete) Tier gehört zu Anarta colletti ssp. originalis (Hacker, [1997]). Eine sichere Unterscheidung von A. furca, A. colletti und A. farnhami ist nach derzeitiger Kenntnis nur anhand der ausgestülpten Vesica im männlichen Genitalapparat möglich.
(Autoren: Erwin Rennwald & Axel Steiner)
4.7. Literatur
- Erstbeschreibung: Spalckhawer Siebke, J. H. & J. Sparre Schneider (1876): Enumeratio insectorum norvegicorum. Fasciculum III. Catalogum lepidopterorum continentem: I-XXII, 1-188. Christiania (A. W. Brøgger).
